ubuntu使用问题记录

Ubuntu入门教程

http://wiki.ubuntu.org.cn/Ubuntu%E6%A1%8C%E9%9D%A2%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8%E6%8C%87%E5%8D%97
https://help.ubuntu.com/
http://wiki.ubuntu.org.cn/%E6%96%B0%E6%89%8B%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8%E6%8C%87%E5%BC%95
http://teliute.org/linux/TeUbt/lesson3/lesson3.html

Ubuntu快捷键

1	长按super(win)键即可显示系统快捷键图

Ubuntu快速显示桌面

http://blog.csdn.net/yelangjueqi/article/details/55098099
http://blog.csdn.net/u010454729/article/details/45061359

常用快捷方式总结：

1, 直接点击左边的dock,但是只对程序单窗口时有效
2, 多窗口时，双击左边的dock才能是该程序所有窗口平铺(这个也不错)
3, alt + tab 配合上下左右键
4, alt + `   单程序切换窗口

5, win+w平铺(这个也不错)

6, 鼠标移动到左边的dock应用图标上，然后“滚动鼠标的滑轮”，会一个一个把最小化的应用窗口切换出来(功能等同于”　alt + ` “)

7, win + tab按键，按键切换dock应用

8, Alt + F: 打开应用程序菜单
9, 开启多个工作区：设置--系统设置--外观--行为: A "开启工作区"打钩　B 添加到”显示桌面“图标到启动器打钩

10, ”win + D“ 或 "ctrl + win + D"桌面和应用窗口切换

11, 查看当前系统已经设置的快捷键：设置--系统设置--键盘--快捷键

Ubuntu显示隐藏目录

https://www.ubuntudoc.com/show-hidden-files-folders-ubuntu/?lang=zh

Ctrl + H

Ubuntu安装护眼程序Typing Break

https://askubuntu.com/questions/63999/how-can-i-install-typing-break

11.10

Gnome 3 developers have dropped this from gnome-control-center with a recommendation that it be repackaged and available as a separate application. A launchpad wishlist item was requested.

An alternative in for typing break is workrave. It is now available as a backport:

sudo apt-get install workrave

You need to white-list this application to appear in the Unity indicator-applet. Read this question if you want a more detailed explanation about what to do.
12.04

An enterprising developer has resurrected DrWright for Precise. The package is available from a PPA:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:drwright/stable
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install drwright

12.10,13.10,14.04

Note, that for 12.10,13.10,14.04 ppa is not up to date, so you have to use precise repositories:

deb http://ppa.launchpad.net/drwright/stable/ubuntu precise main
deb-src http://ppa.launchpad.net/drwright/stable/ubuntu precise main


Uubntu 14中，执行add-apt-repository命令后， 修改/etc/apt/sources.list.d/drwright-stable-trusty.list文件内容如下，然后执行update操作，并install，但是在系统设置中也没有type break的设置，待重启验证(不能work)
hogan@ubuntu:/etc/apt/sources.list.d$ cat drwright-stable-trusty.list
deb http://ppa.launchpad.net/drwright/stable/ubuntu precise main
# deb-src http://ppa.launchpad.net/drwright/stable/ubuntu precise main
# deb http://ppa.launchpad.net/drwright/stable/ubuntu trusty main
# deb-src http://ppa.launchpad.net/drwright/stable/ubuntu trusty main

Ubuntu安装Flux色温调节软件

http://blog.csdn.net/gatieme/article/details/62922164

安装GUI
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:nathan-renniewaldock/flux
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install fluxgui

安装守护进程
wget https://justgetflux.com/linux/xflux64.tgz
tar -zxvf xflux64.tgz
sudo cp xflux /usr/bin

打开fluxgui配置经纬度即可

Eyerest and workrave

http://blog.csdn.net/gevolution90/article/details/8579069
http://forum.ubuntu.com.cn/viewtopic.php?f=137&t=392969
https://github.com/zlbruce/eyerest

Ubuntu安装build-essential

http://www.cnblogs.com/bing-yu12/p/6384447.html
http://blog.163.com/zhangjinqing1234@126/blog/static/307302602009538137113

linux操作系统上面开发程序， 光有了gcc是不行的，它还需要一个build-essential软件包，作用是提供编译程序必须软件包的列表信息
也就是说 编译程序有了这个软件包，它才知道头文件在哪，才知道库函数在哪，还会下载依赖的软件包，最后才组成一个开发环境
当然build-essential包安装时需要的依赖包，有些你用不上

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install build-essential

Ubuntu安装JRE

https://linux.cn/article-3792-1.html
http://zh.wikihow.com/%E5%9C%A8Ubuntu-Linux%E4%B8%8A%E5%AE%89%E8%A3%85Oracle-Java

1. 查看Java版本
java -version

2. 如出现以下错误，则表示没有安装jre
    The program ‘java’ can be found in the following packages:
    * default-jre
    * gcj-4.6-jre-headless
    * openjdk-6-jre-headless
    * gcj-4.5-jre-headless
    * openjdk-7-jre-headless
    Try: sudo apt-get install

3. 安装Oracle JDK
    sudo add-apt-repository ppa:webupd8team/java
    sudo apt-get update
    sudo apt-get install oracle-java8-installer
    sudo apt-get install oracle-java8-set-default

ubuntu安装JDK

http://topspeedsnail.com/ubuntu16-install-java-jdk/
http://www.cnblogs.com/a2211009/p/4265225.html
http://zh.wikihow.com/%E5%9C%A8Ubuntu-Linux%E4%B8%8A%E5%AE%89%E8%A3%85Oracle-Java
https://www.linuxdashen.com/ubuntu%E5%AE%89%E8%A3%85oracle-java8%E4%BB%A5%E5%8F%8A%E7%8E%AF%E5%A2%83%E5%8F%98%E9%87%8F%E7%9A%84%E6%AD%A3%E7%A1%AE%E8%AE%BE%E7%BD%AE%E6%96%B9%E6%B3%95
https://wiki.ubuntu.com.cn/Java%E5%AE%89%E8%A3%85%E9%85%8D%E7%BD%AE

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:webupd8team/java

sudo apt-get update

sudo apt-get install oracle-java8-installer

# 设置Java环境变量，可选，不是必要
sudo apt-get install oracle-java8-set-default

apt命令

https://linux.cn/article-7364-1.html
https://my.oschina.net/junn/blog/138803
http://www.cnblogs.com/indiepop/archive/2011/11/10/2244903.html

更新本地数据库
sudo apt-get update

安装软件包
sudo apt-get install <package>

查找软件包
sudo apt-cache search <package>

更新已安装的包
sudo apt-get upgrade

升级系统
sudo apt-get dist-upgrade

删除软件包
sudo apt-get remove <package>

删除软件包，包括删除配置文件
sudo apt-get remove --purge <package>
sudo apt-get purge <package>

Ubuntu侧边栏图标

1	侧边栏图标位于~/.local/share/applications，可修改，可删除，解决新老版本交替使用的问题

Eclipse加上侧边栏图标

https://my.oschina.net/secyaher/blog/274490
http://blog.csdn.net/sgzy001/article/details/51901344
http://blog.csdn.net/ustczwc/article/details/9005142
https://www.jianshu.com/p/0209d5d04216

hogan@ubuntu:~/.local/share/applications$ pwd
/home/hogan/.local/share/applications
hogan@ubuntu:~/.local/share/applications$ cat eclipse.desktop
[Desktop Entry]
Encoding=UTF-8
Version=1.0
Type=Application
Name=Eclipse Launcher
Icon=eclipse
Path=/home/hogan/Downloads/eclipse
Exec=/home/hogan/Downloads/eclipse/eclipse/eclipse
# Exec=/home/hogan/Downloads/eclipse/eclipse/eclipse %U
StartupNotify=false
StartupWMClass=Eclipse
OnlyShowIn=Unity;
X-UnityGenerated=true


本文将讲述如何将eclipse快捷方式添加到左侧快捷栏

1. sudo vim /usr/share/applications/eclipse.desktop

2.添加如下内容到eclipse.desktop中

[Desktop Entry]
Encoding=UTF-8
Name=Eclipse
Comment=Eclipse IDE
Exec=/home/hunter/tools/adt-bundle/eclipse/eclipse
Icon=/home/hunter/tools/adt-bundle/eclipse/icon.xpm
Terminal=false
StartupNotify=true
Type=Application
Categories=Application;Development;

其中/home/hunter/tools/adt-bundle/eclipse/为eclipse所在路径


3.修改权限

sudo chmod a+x /usr/share/applications/eclipse.desktop


4.将图标拖到左边导航栏

cd /usr/share/applications/

nautilus .

找到eclipse图标，拖到左侧

Ubuntu免密码sudo

http://www.jianshu.com/p/5d02428f313d
http://blog.csdn.net/cor_twi/article/details/44679839

cd /etc/sudoers.d

sudo touch nopasswd4sudo

sudo vi nopasswd4sudo

输入 yourusername ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD : ALL

ESC :wq!

Ubuntu命令行或脚本连接断开wifi

https://linux.cn/article-4015-1.html
https://www.deadend.me/2016/08/13/ubuntu-14-04-connect-wifi-via-command-line/
https://gxnotes.com/article/17300.html
https://gxnotes.com/article/13806.html
http://www.jianshu.com/p/4d0fb1d4e055
https://wenqixiang.com/linux-wireless-configuration-in-terminal-command-line/

https://askubuntu.com/questions/522842/ubuntu-14-04-connect-to-a-wifi-network-using-command-line
https://askubuntu.com/questions/461825/connect-to-wifi-from-command-line

https://askubuntu.com/questions/461825/connect-to-wifi-from-command-line
https://askubuntu.com/questions/294257/connect-to-wifi-network-through-ubuntu-terminal
https://askubuntu.com/questions/522842/ubuntu-14-04-connect-to-a-wifi-network-using-command-line
https://askubuntu.com/questions/138472/how-do-i-connect-to-a-wpa-wifi-network-using-the-command-line

https://stackoverflow.com/questions/29361296/command-line-connect-to-wireless-network-does-not-work-on-ubuntu-10-04
https://stackoverflow.com/questions/21662351/connect-wifi-with-python-or-linux-terminal
https://stackoverflow.com/questions/32530988/programmatically-connecting-to-a-wifi-network-in-linux

启动、关闭WiFi

# 启动
nmcli nm wifi on

# 关闭
nmcli nm wifi off

连接、断开WiFi

# 连接
nmcli d wifi connect <WiFiSSID> password <WiFiPassword> iface <WiFiInterface>
nmcli c down id <SavedWiFiConn>

# 断开
nmcli d disconnect iface <WiFiInterface>
nmcli c up id <SavedWiFiConn>


Ubuntu 16.04

##disconnect
nmcli d disconnect <WifiInterface>

##connect
nmcli d connect <WifiInterface>

Another way:

##disconnect
nmcli c down <SavedWiFiConn>

##connect
nmcli c up <SavedWiFiConn>

Ubuntu 15.10 & previous

##disconnect
nmcli d disconnect iface <WifiInterface>

##connect
nmcli d wifi connect <WiFiSSID> password <WiFiPassword> iface <WifiInterface>

Another way:

##disconnect:
nmcli c down id <SavedWiFiConn>

##connect:
nmcli c up id <SavedWiFiConn>

bc除法精度问题

http://codingstandards.iteye.com/blog/793734

hogan@ubuntu:~$ bc
bc 1.06.95
Copyright 1991-1994, 1997, 1998, 2000, 2004, 2006 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This is free software with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY.
For details type `warranty'.
69 / 4
17
69 / 4.0
17
69 / 4
17

scale=2
69 / 4
17.25
100 / 5
20.00

ubuntu使用ibus或者fcitx框架输入法

Ubuntu默认安装了ibus和fcitx的输入法框架，而且默认的输入法框架为ibus

设置fcitx输入法框架
System Settings -> Language Support，添加中文语言，并修改keyboard input method system为fcitx

也可以通过终端启动im-config切换输入法框架，点击OK按钮，再点击Yes按钮，将fcitx设为默认的输入法框架，最后点击OK。
打开终端，并运行fcitx-configtool
点击右下角的+图标添加新的输入法，并取消“only show current language”，在下边搜索框搜索需要添加的输入法
重启系统生效

如果 Fcitx 没有随桌面环境自动启动，或者您想修改下 Fcitx 启动参数，请用桌面环境提供的自动启动工具配置，或者直接编辑用户目录~/.config/autostart/ 下的 fcitx-autostart.desktop 文件以确认自动启动是否被禁用。如果用户目录下的文件并不存在，您可以复制自动启动文件 /etc/xdg/autostart/fcitx-autostart.desktop 到用户目录：

cp /etc/xdg/autostart/fcitx-autostart.desktop ~/.config/autostart/

如果您使用的桌面环境并不自动支持 XDG, 请在您使用的启动脚本里面添加：

 fcitx

以实现自动启动。

注意: 当 iBus 等其它输入法程序同时启动且开启了 Xim 支持时, 可能会害 Fcitx 启动不了，请确保已禁用了其它输入法程序的自动启动。

可在text entry添加中文，可省略该操作
System Settings -> Text Entry

由于Fcitx易于崩溃，明明切换到了搜狗拼音输入法，但是还是只能输入英文字符。可通过如下shell脚本重启

#! /bin/bash

# pidof fcitx | xargs kill -9
# pidof sogou-qimpanel | xargs kill -9

killall -9 fcitx
killall -9 sogou-qimpanel

rm -rf ~/.config/SogouPY
rm -rf ~/.config/SogouPY.users
rm -rf ~/.config/sogou-qimpanel

nohup fcitx > /dev/null 2>&1 &
nohup sogou-qimpanel > /dev/null 2>&1 &

Fcitx如果不能开机自启
fcitx 不能开机自启，是因为 fctix 在安装时未能在/etc/xdg/autostart/ 目录下添加开机自动启动配置文件。

解决方法:
1). Ctrl + Alt + T 打开终端，输入fcitx –version ，然后终端会显示你安装的版本号。
在fcitx官网上下载你对应版本的 fcitx 安装包，比如说我对应的版本为fcitx-4.2.9.1.tar.xz
解压后，在目录./fcitx-4.2.X.X/data/ 你可以找到一个名为 fcitx-autostart.desktop.in 重命名为 fcitx-autostart.desktop 然后拷贝到 /etc/xdg/autostart/ 目录下，重启你会发现右上角有输入法的选项了。

2). 把下面这段代码粘贴到根目录的.xprofile文件中（如果不存在这个文件，则新建一个。
cd ~/
sudo vim .xprofile

输入如下内容，保存退出
1
2
3
4
5
export LC_ALL=zh_CN.utf8
export XMODIFIERS=@im=fcitx
export QT_IM_MODULE=xim
export GTK_IM_MODULE=xim
fcitx -d

参考链接

https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Fcitx_(%E7%AE%80%E4%BD%93%E4%B8%AD%E6%96%87)
https://www.linuxdashen.com/ubuntu%E5%AE%89%E8%A3%85%E8%B0%B7%E6%AD%8C%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3%E8%BE%93%E5%85%A5%E6%B3%95%EF%BC%88fcitx%E8%BE%93%E5%85%A5%E6%B3%95%E6%A1%86%E6%9E%B6%EF%BC%89
http://jingyan.baidu.com/article/4b07be3c60da3f48b380f3f0.html
http://jingyan.baidu.com/article/adc815134f4b92f722bf7350.html
http://blog.csdn.net/rflyee/article/details/9472579
http://blog.csdn.net/tecn14/article/details/24784047
https://my.oschina.net/eechen/blog/224291
https://www.findhao.net/res/786
http://www.xbatu.com/node/251
http://yuenshome.space/?p=4378

ubuntu手动更新

http://www.jb51.net/os/Ubuntu/397838.html

1	Dash中搜索update， software updater或软件更新器

sudo apt-get update错误

http://blog.csdn.net/u013038461/article/details/39519449
http://forum.ubuntu.com.cn/viewtopic.php?f=48&t=462924

http://www.voidcn.com/article/p-wkhqksva-pp.html
http://www.cppblog.com/deercoder/archive/2011/10/19/158705.html

运行命令 sudo apt-get update 出现错误：

GPG error: http://archive.ubuntu.com trusty-updates InRelease: Clearsigned file isn't valid, got 'NODATA' (does the network require authentication?)


解决方法：
sudo apt-get clean

sudo mv /var/lib/apt/lists  /var/lib/apt/lists.broke

sudo mkdir -p /var/lib/apt/lists/partial

sudo apt-get update


方法来自：http://askubuntu.com/a/512173/198920，该方法对本人的电脑有效。

要是无效的话，还可以参考http://forum.ubuntu.org.cn/viewtopic.php?f=48&t=464134

Wine安装

http://wiki.ubuntu.org.cn/Wine
https://wiki.winehq.org/Main_Page
https://www.ibm.com/developerworks/cn/linux/l-wine/
https://zh.wikihow.com/%E5%9C%A8Ubuntu%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F%E4%B8%AD%E5%AE%89%E8%A3%85Wine
https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Wine_(%E7%AE%80%E4%BD%93%E4%B8%AD%E6%96%87)
http://blog.csdn.net/Lina_ACM/article/details/65627249
https://linux.cn/thread-3436-1-1.html
https://lado.me/2017/04/27/wine-run-windows-program-on-linux/

安装源中的wine

sudo apt-get install wine</PPA>
因为版本比较旧，所以通常不用，改用PPA中的wine。

==安装最新版 wine==

ubuntu 官方自带了 wine ，但是推荐用 winehq 官方提供的最新版本 wine ，新版本解决了很多以前显得麻烦的问题。

PPA地址：https://launchpad.net/~wine/+archive/ubuntu/wine-builds
<pre>sudo add-apt-repository ppa:wine/wine-builds

（这里应该在（ubuntu14.10）“设置→软件和更新→其他软件”里给上面的那个地址打对勾）然后安装：

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install wine
sudo apt-get install wine-devel
sudo apt-get install wine-staging

上面install命令是三选一，要注意，若安装 wine 包是老的稳定版，新开发版本是 wine-devel ，经常有不少优化和修正。

如果愿意安装比 devel 稍微更 devel 的 staging 版本的话，可以试试 wine-staging。


1、安装源
      sudo add-apt-repository ppa:wine/wine-builds
      sudo apt-get update
2、安装wine
     sudo apt-get install --install-recommends wine-staging
     sudo apt-get install winehq-staging
3、卸载wine
     1).卸载wine主程序，在终端里输入：
       sudo apt-get remove --purge wine
     2).然后删除wine的目录文件：
       rm -r ~/.wine
     3).卸载残留不用的软件包：
       sudo apt-get autoremove

Wine使用

http://wiki.ubuntu.org.cn/UbuntuHelp:Wine/zh
https://lado.me/2017/04/27/wine-run-windows-program-on-linux/
http://wiki.ubuntu.org.cn/Wine%E7%AE%80%E6%98%8E%E6%95%99%E7%A8%8B
http://wiki.ubuntu.org.cn/Wine%E6%93%8D%E4%BD%9C%E6%8A%80%E5%B7%A7
http://forum.ubuntu.org.cn/viewtopic.php?t=72933
http://ghoulich.xninja.org/2016/08/09/install-and-use-wine-on-centos/

Ubuntu系统中，侧边栏最上面的图标叫dash快速启动，而整个侧边栏叫launcher，可在侧边栏的任意图标上右键，有unlock from launchers选项，通过Wine安装好的应用程序都可以在Dash中搜索到，这时只需要将搜索到图标拖放到launcher上即可，也可以通过运行命令行运行后，在侧边栏上右键单击并选择lock to launcher即可，对非Wine安装的应用程序也可以如此操作添加到侧边栏快速启动。

Wine的桌面快捷方式为.desktop的文件，位于~/Desktop目录下，格式如下：
hogan@ubuntu:~/Desktop$ pwd
/home/hogan/Desktop
hogan@ubuntu:~/Desktop$ ls
Notepad++ (copy).desktop  Source Insight 3.desktop  Source Insight 4.0.desktop
hogan@ubuntu:~/Desktop$ cat Source\ Insight\ 4.0.desktop
[Desktop Entry]
Name=Source Insight 4.0
Exec=env WINEPREFIX="/home/hogan/.wine" wine C:\\\\Program\\ Files\\ \\(x86\\)\\\\Source\\ Insight\\ 4.0\\\\sourceinsight4.exe
Type=Application
StartupNotify=true
Icon=1E94_NewShortcut11_9B96954BC5A741EBA38089DC96765DF7.0
hogan@ubuntu:~/Desktop$

Ubuntu添加桌面快捷方式

https://www.ibm.com/developerworks/cn/linux/l-cn-dtef/index.html
http://www.flakor.cn/2014-11-26-796.html

https://my.oschina.net/Obahua/blog/110612
http://www.cnblogs.com/librena/p/6726489.html
https://www.techforgeek.info/ubuntu_desktop_file.html
https://linux.cn/article-2289-1.html
http://www.jb51.net/os/Ubuntu/84222.html
http://blog.csdn.net/golden1314521/article/details/32179811
https://www.jianshu.com/p/0209d5d04216

Ubuntu添加快捷方式到dash或launcher

https://specifications.freedesktop.org/desktop-entry-spec/desktop-entry-spec-latest.html
https://my.oschina.net/Obahua/blog/110612
http://blog.csdn.net/johnnycode/article/details/17848291
http://www.cnblogs.com/librena/p/6726489.html
http://hahaya.github.io/add-software-ico-to-launcher/

经常在Ubuntu下安装绿色软件，之前只能将快捷方式放到桌面上，感觉不方便。

其实设置很简单，总结一下，好脑子不如烂笔头！

1.在 /usr/share/applications 目录下增加 sublime.desktop 文件，注意权限！
[plain] view plain copy

    $ sudo vim /usr/share/applications/sublime_test.desktop

2.添加如下内容，然后保存。

[plain] view plain copy

    [Desktop Entry
    Name=Sublime Text 2
    Type=Application
    Terminal=false
    Comment=Edit text files
    Exec=/home/john/Dev/SublimeText2/sublime_text %F
    Icon=/home/john/Dev/SublimeText2/Icon/48x48/sublime_text.png

3.搞定，直接在Dash中检索sublime 然后将图标拖到 Launcher 上即可。


特别注意（配置建议！）：

1、配置信息中路径不要使用引号(最好不要有空格)。

2、复制以上代码时注意每行末尾不要有空格。

wine安装程序桌面快捷方式备份

Source Insight
command: env WINEPREFIX="/home/hogan/.wine" wine C:\\Program\ Files\ \(x86\)\\Source\ Insight\ 3\\Insight3.exe

Source Insight 4.0
command: env WINEPREFIX="/home/hogan/.wine" wine C:\\Program\ Files\ \(x86\)\\Source\ Insight\ 4.0\\sourceinsight4.exe

Notepad++
正确任务栏图标(Notepad++图标)
command: env WINEPREFIX="/home/hogan/.wine" wine C:\\Program\ Files\ \(x86\)\\Notepad++\\notepad++.exe

错误任务栏图标(wine launcher启动的应用程序图标，显示为红酒杯图标，所有通过在命令行执行"wine <program name>"启动的程序都是红酒杯图标，而通过wine安装应用程序时创建的桌面快捷方式，通过快捷方式启动后，任务栏的图标为程序的原始图标)
command: env WINEPREFIX="/home/hogan/.wine" wine C:\\windows\\command\\start.exe /Unix /home/hogan/.wine/dosdevices/c:/users/Public/Desktop/Notepad++.lnk

欧路词典
command: env WINEPREFIX="/home/hogan/.wine" wine C:\\Program\ Files\ \(x86\)\\eudic\\eudic.exe

Wine卸载软件

http://forum.ubuntu.org.cn/viewtopic.php?t=65231
http://blog.csdn.net/ustczwc/article/details/8956231
http://blog.csdn.net/tongxxhaha/article/details/76875188
http://www.cnblogs.com/jackchiang/p/4072621.html

1. 命令行方式
到程序的目录里面
~/.wine/drive_c/Program Files/*****
wine 卸载程序名.exe

2. GUI方式
命令行输入wine uninstaller，然后GUI方式卸载软件


 很多朋友尝试在Ubuntu中用wine安装exe格式的应用程序，但经常遇到装完之后启动程序就崩溃、或者根本无法启动、无法使用的情况，于是想立即把安装的程序卸载，可是在wine中却找不到卸载exe软件的方式，今天就给大家分享一下wine卸载exe软件的两个方法：

1、删除法

　　Ubuntu系统安装的软件会分布在很多不同的目录，即使使用wine模拟windows安装也会如此；

　　wine会在/home下的用户名目录生成三个隐藏的文件夹 .wine、.local、.config ，默认是看不到的，通过按快捷键 ctrl+H 才能显示出来，进入 .wine 文件夹可以看到 drive_c 文件夹，这是wine自动生成的虚拟 C盘，里面有类似windows系统盘的目录结构，在里面找到需要卸载的软件文件夹删除；

　　接着找到/home/用户名目录/.local/share/applications/wine/Programs，将软件对应的文件删除；

　　最后/home/用户名目录/.config/menus/applications-merged，将软件对应的文件删除；

　　如果您没有找到如上的文件夹，只需要按 ctrl+F 搜索软件名，把搜索结果中的文件夹和文件删除就可以。

2、命令行

　　如果您觉得上述方法比较繁琐，还可以通过在终端输入wine命令来卸载软件，但需要该软件含有类似 uninstall.exe 的卸载程序；

　　ctrl+alt+T打开终端，cd进入软件uninstall.exe所在的目录，输入wine uninstall.exe 即可执行卸载程序，Ubuntu对字符大小写要求很严格，若在终端中手动输入请您务必区分大小写；

　　如果您想删掉所有.exe格式的软件，可以使用 wine uninstaller 命令。

　　如果您觉得wine不好用，想要卸载，可以执行 sudo apt-get remove --purge wine 即可卸载wine；

　　如果您发现已卸载软件的图标还存在于dash中，可进入/home/用户名目录/Desktop ，删除对应的图标即可。

deb格式软件的卸载：

　　顺道写上如何卸载deb格式的文件同时删除配置文件：sudo dpkg -p 文件名，输入以后回车即可。

Ubuntu桌面图标不显示

https://www.coder4.com/archives/4307
http://www.oschina.net/question/54100_9404
http://www.it610.com/article/4462067.htm
http://forum.ubuntu.org.cn/viewtopic.php?t=472401
http://www.th7.cn/system/lin/201709/227486.shtml
http://blog.csdn.net/ch_dq/article/details/60578941
http://sourcedigit.com/13322-fix-unity-freezes-login-ubuntu-14-10-utopic-unicorn/

如题。升级到14.04后，原先通过gconf-editor设置的方法失效了。

实际上，14.04转而使用dconf-editor了。。
sudo apt-get install dconf-editor

然后找到：

org.gnome.nautilus.desktop

这下面的值分别代表了图标，不解释了，找到需要的设置为true即可。

工具推荐

1. 串口工具
cutecom

2. 网络监测
nethogs

3. 网络监听
netcat / nc

4. 网络调试
tracepath

5. socket调试工具
http://www.hangge.com/blog/cache/detail_1328.html
https://www.zendstudio.net/archives/tcp-udp-socket-toolkit/

sockettest
http://sockettest.sourceforge.net/
https://github.com/akshath/SocketTest

Hercules
http://www.hw-group.com/products/hercules/index_en.html
https://stackoverflow.com/questions/515328/good-tool-for-testing-socket-connections

sokit
https://github.com/sinpolib/sokit

6. TCP/UDP test tool
http://www.simplecomtools.com/productcart/pc/viewCategories.asp?idCategory=5

7. SocketSniffer
http://www.nirsoft.net/utils/socket_sniffer.html

.bashrc backup

hogan@ubuntu:~$ cat .bashrc
# ~/.bashrc: executed by bash(1) for non-login shells.
# see /usr/share/doc/bash/examples/startup-files (in the package bash-doc)
# for examples

# If not running interactively, don't do anything
case $- in
    *i*) ;;
      *) return;;
esac

# don't put duplicate lines or lines starting with space in the history.
# See bash(1) for more options
HISTCONTROL=ignoreboth

# append to the history file, don't overwrite it
shopt -s histappend

# for setting history length see HISTSIZE and HISTFILESIZE in bash(1)
HISTSIZE=1000
HISTFILESIZE=2000

# check the window size after each command and, if necessary,
# update the values of LINES and COLUMNS.
shopt -s checkwinsize

# If set, the pattern "**" used in a pathname expansion context will
# match all files and zero or more directories and subdirectories.
#shopt -s globstar

# make less more friendly for non-text input files, see lesspipe(1)
[ -x /usr/bin/lesspipe ] && eval "$(SHELL=/bin/sh lesspipe)"

# set variable identifying the chroot you work in (used in the prompt below)
if [ -z "${debian_chroot:-}" ] && [ -r /etc/debian_chroot ]; then
    debian_chroot=$(cat /etc/debian_chroot)
fi

# set a fancy prompt (non-color, unless we know we "want" color)
case "$TERM" in
    xterm-color) color_prompt=yes;;
esac

# uncomment for a colored prompt, if the terminal has the capability; turned
# off by default to not distract the user: the focus in a terminal window
# should be on the output of commands, not on the prompt
#force_color_prompt=yes

if [ -n "$force_color_prompt" ]; then
    if [ -x /usr/bin/tput ] && tput setaf 1 >&/dev/null; then
	# We have color support; assume it's compliant with Ecma-48
	# (ISO/IEC-6429). (Lack of such support is extremely rare, and such
	# a case would tend to support setf rather than setaf.)
	color_prompt=yes
    else
	color_prompt=
    fi
fi

if [ "$color_prompt" = yes ]; then
    PS1='${debian_chroot:+($debian_chroot)}\[\033[01;32m\]\u@\h\[\033[00m\]:\[\033[01;34m\]\w\[\033[00m\]\$ '
else
    PS1='${debian_chroot:+($debian_chroot)}\u@\h:\w\$ '
fi
unset color_prompt force_color_prompt

# If this is an xterm set the title to user@host:dir
case "$TERM" in
xterm*|rxvt*)
    PS1="\[\e]0;${debian_chroot:+($debian_chroot)}\u@\h: \w\a\]$PS1"
    ;;
*)
    ;;
esac

# enable color support of ls and also add handy aliases
if [ -x /usr/bin/dircolors ]; then
    test -r ~/.dircolors && eval "$(dircolors -b ~/.dircolors)" || eval "$(dircolors -b)"
    alias ls='ls --color=auto'
    #alias dir='dir --color=auto'
    #alias vdir='vdir --color=auto'

    alias grep='grep --color=auto'
    alias fgrep='fgrep --color=auto'
    alias egrep='egrep --color=auto'
fi

# some more ls aliases
alias ll='ls -alF'
alias la='ls -A'
alias l='ls -CF'

# Add an "alert" alias for long running commands.  Use like so:
#   sleep 10; alert
alias alert='notify-send --urgency=low -i "$([ $? = 0 ] && echo terminal || echo error)" "$(history|tail -n1|sed -e '\''s/^\s*[0-9]\+\s*//;s/[;&|]\s*alert$//'\'')"'

# Alias definitions.
# You may want to put all your additions into a separate file like
# ~/.bash_aliases, instead of adding them here directly.
# See /usr/share/doc/bash-doc/examples in the bash-doc package.

if [ -f ~/.bash_aliases ]; then
    . ~/.bash_aliases
fi

# enable programmable completion features (you don't need to enable
# this, if it's already enabled in /etc/bash.bashrc and /etc/profile
# sources /etc/bash.bashrc).
if ! shopt -oq posix; then
  if [ -f /usr/share/bash-completion/bash_completion ]; then
    . /usr/share/bash-completion/bash_completion
  elif [ -f /etc/bash_completion ]; then
    . /etc/bash_completion
  fi
fi

# start up jenkins
# if [[ ! $(ps -ewwf | grep "java -jar jenkins.war" | grep -v grep) ]]; then
#     cd ~/Downloads/jenkins/
#     nohup java -jar jenkins.war > /tmp/jenkins.log 2>&1 &
#     cd ~
# fi

# user define alias
alias totest='cd ~/share/XXX_Develop/code/test'
alias towork='cd ~/Projects/XXX_SW/00_SW/00_SW_DEV/misc/'
alias pyshare='python -m SimpleHTTPServer'
alias tojenkins='ssh hogan@173.17.54.56'

# added by Anaconda3 4.4.0 installer
#export PATH="/home/hogan/anaconda3/bin:$PATH"
alias condapython='/home/hogan/anaconda3/bin/python'
alias condajupyter='/home/hogan/anaconda3/bin/jupyter'
alias condapip='/home/hogan/anaconda3/bin/pip'
alias conda='/home/hogan/anaconda3/bin/conda'
alias pyinstaller='/home/hogan/anaconda3/bin/pyinstaller'

# 忽略重复的命令
# export HISTCONTROL=ignoredups
# export HISTCONTROL=ignoreboth:erasedups
export HISTCONTROL=ignoredups:erasedups
# 忽略由冒号分割的这些命令
export HISTIGNORE="[   ]*:&:bg:fg:exit"
# 设置保存历史命令的文件大小
export HISTFILESIZE=1000000000
# 保存历史命令条数
export HISTSIZE=100000
# 追加history而不是覆盖
shopt -s histappend
# bash每执行完一条命令，都要显示一个新的提示符，而在显示提示符的同时，会执行保存在环境变量PROMPT_COMMAND里面的命令
PROMPT_COMMAND="history -a; $PROMPT_COMMAND"

# Add new path variable for coverage tools
PATH=$PATH:/home/hogan/XXX_Develop/tools/cov_tools

# Add new path variable for coverage tools
# PATH=$PATH:/home/hogan/.jenkins/workspace/XXX_Unit_Test/tools/cov_tools